Svoboda Square in Kharkiv
Downloads
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52200/docomomo.70.04Keywords:
language of avant-garde architecture, monologue in architecture, compositional logic, constructivism, Kharkiv, DerzhpromAbstract
This paper explores the composition logic of the creativity of the Avant-garde masters and to identify the principles of the composition language of the architecture of modernism.
To characterize the composition language of Avant-garde architecture, systemic, historical-genetic and semiotic methods of research are used. Architectural composition is interpreted as an activity that has its own semantic, morphological and syntactic features. In the example of Svoboda Square (the former Dzerzhinsky Square) in Kharkiv, the logical methods of artistic activity and thinking of the architects of the Soviet Avant-garde of the 1920-1930s are studied.
At the beginning of the 20th century avant-garde movements were created artificially, consciously, by an act of will, and they strove to dictate their ideas, concepts and principles as universal and general. The architectural language of the Avant-garde is normative, ascetic and rigidly organized. Distinctive features of the artistic movements of the Avant-garde are the deep analyticity of thinking and the normativity of the declared requirements, abstract concepts and symbols. The logical principles of composition are often repeated thanks to stable semantic associations and are reflected in geometric structures and forms. Thus, the methods of compositional thinking of the Avant-garde form a monological system, i.e. they are internally holistic and normative, not allowing alternatives. It was possible to identify and show that the Avant-garde, as a monological language system, is characterized by the following features: internal integrity, self-sufficiency, normativity; stability of figurative language devices; restriction of freedom of artistic expression with the help of a concept, declaration, slogan, clear conceptual system.
Researchers and designers should treat the phenomenon under study not as a “closed”, stylistically defined object, but see it as a complex historical process of structure formation based on an even more complex process of development of thinking and activity of architects and builders of a particular period.
How to Cite
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Оlena Remizova
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Plaudit
References
БУРЯК, Александр. & КРЕЙЗЕР, Ирина. (1999). Метод и стиль в архитектуре Харькова 20-х – 30-х гг. In: Традиції та новації у вищій архітектурно-художній освіті [BОURYAK, Alexander. & KREIZER, Irina. Metod i stil v arhitekture Harkova 20-h – 30-h gg. / Method and style in the architecture of Kharkov in the 20s-30s.], In: [Tradytsii ta novatsii u vyshchii arkhitekturno-khudozhnii osviti / Traditions and innovations in higher architectural and art education]. Kharkiv: Kharkiv Art and Crafts Institute, (1999), № 4-5, pp. 128-129 (In Russian)
ЧЕРКЕС, Богдан. (2008). Національна ідентичність в архітектурі міста [CHERKES, Bogdan. Natsionalna identychnist v arkhitekturi mista / National identity in the architecture of the city], Lviv 2008 (In Ukrainian)
ЧЕРКЕС, Богдан & ПЕТРІШІН, Галина (Editors). (2014). Креативний урбанізм : до століття містобудівної освіти у Львівській політехніці. [CHERKES, Bogdan & PETRISHIN, Galina. Kreatyvnyi urbanizm : do stolittia mistobudivnoi osvity u Lvivskii politekhnitsi / Creative urbanism: to the century of urban planning education at the Lviv Polytechnic], Lviv 2014 (In Ukrainian)
ЧЕРНИХОВ, Яков. (1933). Архитектурные фантазии [CHERNIKHOV, Yakov. Arhitekturnyie fantazii / Аrchitectural fantasies], Leningrad 1933 (In Russian)
COOKE, C. (1988). The Lessons of the Russian Avant-Garde. In: Architectural Design, vol. 58, № ¾, pp. 13-15.
DIDENKO, C., Antonenko, N. & Lyaluk I. (2021). “City constructor” (form-based codes) and its implementation in the urban environment of Kharkiv. In: Сучасні проблеми архітектури та містобудування. In: [Suchasni problemy arkhitektury ta mistobuduvannia / Current problems of architecture and location], Kyiv, Vol. 61, pp. 169-188.
DIDENKO, C., Bouryak, A., & Antonenko, N. (2015). Residential Housing in Kharkov (Ukraine), 1920-1935. In: ZARCH, (5), pp. 68–85. https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.201559105
Docomomo Journal No. 67 (2022): Multiple Modernities in Ukraine. https://doi.org/10.52200/docomomo.67.
Docomomo Journal No. 59 (2018): An Eastern Europe Vision. https://doi.org/10.52200/59.I.I2TT8LJ0.
ФРЕМПТОН, Кеннет. (1990). Современная архитектура: Критический взгляд на историю развития. [FRAMPTON, Kenneth. Sovremennaya arhitektura: Kriticheskiy vzglyad na istoriyu razvitiya / Modern Architecture: A Critical History], Moscow 1990 (In Russian)
ИКОННИКОВ, Андрей. (Editor). (1972). Мастера архитектуры об архитектуре. [IKONNIKOV, Andrey. Mastera arhitekturyi ob arhitekture / Masters of Architecture about architecture]. Moscow 1972 (In Russian)
IVASHKO Y., REMIZOVA O. & DMYTRENKO A. (2022). The Avant-garde of the 1920’s and the Deconstructivism of Today: The Logic of Inheritance. In: 2022 – Defining the Architectural Space Avant-garde Architecture. Oficyna wydawnicza ATUT – Wroclawslie Wydawnictwo Oswiatowe, Vol. 1, pp. 43-55. https://dpa.arch.pk.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/defarch.1-5.pdf
Харків (готель) (2023). [Kharkiv (hotel) / Kharkiv (hotel)] https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C) Accessed Jul. 16, 2023 (In Ukrainian)
ХАЗАНОВА, Вигдария. (1970). Из истории советской архитектуры 1926-1932 гг. Документы и материалы. Творческие объединения. [KHAZANOVA, Vigdaria. Iz istorii sovetskoy arhitekturyi 1926-1932 gg. Dokumentyi i materialyi. Tvorcheskie ob’edineniya / From the history of Soviet architecture 1926-1932. Documents and materials. Creative associations], Moscow 1970 (In Russian)
KONOPLYOVA O. & Deriabina O. (2019). Cultural and historical context of genesis and formation of modernism architecture. In: Znanstvena misel journal, №34, рр. 11-14. http://www.znanstvena-journal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Znanstvena-misel-journal-%E2%84%9634-2019-Vol-1.pdf#page=11
МАЛЕВИЧ, Казимир. (2008). Черный квадрат. [MALEVICh, Kazimir. Chernyiy kvadrat / Black square], St. Petersburg 2008 (In Russian)
НИКОЛЕНКО, Татьяна. & ГОРОЖАНКИН, Валентин. (1984). Предвосхищение будущего. Дом Госпромышленности в Харькове. In: Архитектура СССР [NIKOLENKO, Tatyana. & GOROZHANKIN, Valentin. Predvoshischenie buduschego. Dom Gospromyishlennosti v Harkove / Anticipation of the future. State Industry House in Kharkov]. In: [ Arhitektura SSSR / USSR architecture], (1984), № 3, pp. 101-105 (In Russian)
Общество современных архитекторов Украины (2023). [Obschestvo sovremennyih arhitektorov Ukrainyi / Society of Contemporary Architects of Ukraine] https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8Bwiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B Accessed Aug. 06, 2023 (In Russian)
РЕМИЗОВА, Елена. (2005). Конструктивизм на перепутье. In: Традиції та новації у вищій архітектурно-художній освіті [REMIZOVA, Elena. Konstruktyvyzm na perepute / Constructivism at a crossroads]. In: [Tradytsii ta novatsii u vyshchii arkhitekturno-khudozhnii osviti / Traditions and innovations in higher architectural and art education]. Kharkiv, (2005), № 6, pp. 78-80 (In Russian)
РЕМІЗОВА, Олена. (2014). Полілогічний принцип організації урбаністичного простору. In: Креативний урбанізм : До століття містобудівної освіти у Львівській політехніці. [REMIZOVA, Olena. Polilohichnyi pryntsyp orhanizatsii urbanistychnoho prostoru / Polilogical principle of organization of the urban space. In: Kreatyvnyi urbanizm : do stolittia mistobudivnoi osvity u Lvivskii politekhnitsi / Creative urbanism: to the century of urban planning education at the Lviv Polytechnic], Lviv , (2014), 311-316 (In Ukrainian)
ЯНОВИЦЬКИЙ, Григорій Олександрович (2023) [Yanovitskiy, GrigorIy Oleksandrovich / Yanovitsky, Grigory Oleksandrovich] https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87 Accessed Aug. 06, 2023. (In Ukrainian)
